Child trafficking remains a serious problem in India. The Supreme Court, in its recent ruling in K. P. Kiran Kumar versus State, has issued strict guidelines to stop this crime. It said trafficking violates children's fundamental right to life under the Constitution. According to the National Crime Records Bureau, in 2022, 3,098 children below 18 years were rescued. Between April 2024 and March 2025, more than 53,000 children were saved from child labour, trafficking, and kidnapping. However, the conviction rate for such crimes between 2018 and 2022 was very low — only 4.8%. Child trafficking involves recruiting, transporting, or receiving children for exploitation. Exploitation includes physical and sexual abuse, slavery, forced labour, and organ removal. India's Bhartiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS) 2023 criminalizes such acts under Section 143. The Constitution and laws like the Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act, Juvenile Justice Act, and POCSO Act protect children from trafficking and exploitation. The POCSO Act is gender-neutral and sets strict punishments, including life imprisonment and death penalty in serious cases. About 400 fast track courts work to speed up child-related cases. The Supreme Court has also given directions in past cases, such as Vishal Jeet (1990), M.C. Mehta (1996), and Bachpan Bachao Andolan (2011), to prevent child exploitation and trafficking. Despite these efforts, children remain vulnerable due to poverty, unemployment, migration, and family breakdowns. The rise of social media and false job offers also fuels trafficking. Experts say the government must protect children's socio-economic rights and improve conviction rates to create strong deterrence. Cooperation between the Union and States is vital, as police and law enforcement are state subjects. Strict action against traffickers and better law enforcement are urgently needed to protect India’s children.