Tamil Nadu's agriculture is struggling with negative growth in 2023-24 and 2024-25, according to the Reserve Bank of India's latest data. Despite this, the state's economy grows well due to strong secondary and tertiary sectors. Food grain production ranged between 107 lakh and 120 lakh tonnes. The peak was 119.98 lakh tonnes in 2021-22, but it dropped to 107 lakh tonnes in 2023-24. Rice leads food grain output, followed by millets, while pulses lag with only 3.6 lakh tonnes produced recently, down from 7.5 lakh tonnes in 2014-15. Non-food crops like cotton, sugarcane, and oilseeds show a steady decline. Cotton production fell from 6.86 lakh bales (2014-15) to 2.1 lakh bales (2023-24). Sugarcane production dropped sharply from 411 lakh tonnes in 2006-07 to 133.5 lakh tonnes now. Experts link this decline to erratic monsoons, price swings, limited crop procurement beyond rice, and lack of new crop varieties. They call for joint efforts by government, scientists, and farmers to boost agriculture, highlighting the need to expand pulses production and horticulture, especially in rain-fed regions.