India is facing a strong cold wave with temperatures 3 to 5 degrees below normal in many states. Doctors warn that this cold weather raises risks of infections like flu and pneumonia, which can worsen lung and heart conditions. Sanjeeva Kumar Gupta, a cardiology consultant at C.K. Birla Hospital, Delhi, said, "Cold weather causes blood vessels to constrict, raising blood pressure and increasing the workload on the heart." He added that less exercise, more salty food, dehydration, and winter illnesses add more strain on the heart. Cold also triggers stress hormones like adrenaline that increase heart rate and blood pressure. "During winters, the body’s sodium and potassium levels can fluctuate. Lower fluid intake and dehydration may lead to higher sodium levels," Dr. Gupta explained. Changes in diet and use of medicines can cause potassium imbalance, especially in heart patients. Pankaj Soni from Fortis Escorts Hospital advised, "Maintaining adequate hydration (even with warm fluids), reducing salty or processed foods, and eating more potassium-rich fruits and vegetables help prevent cramps, fatigue, and kidney stones." Neetu Jain, a senior pulmonologist, said vulnerable groups include children under five, adults above 65, and people with chronic illnesses or weak immunity. National data shows more cold wave days in places like Jammu & Kashmir, Delhi, and Odisha. Between 2019 and 2023, 3,639 people died from cold exposure in India, an average of 728 deaths per year. A 2021 Lancet study found cold waves heavily impact states like Bihar and Uttar Pradesh. The study warns of risks including hypothermia, crop failure, and animal deaths. Experts call for better preparedness with food, water, fuel, and medicines in vulnerable areas to reduce cold wave deaths.